Climă/Teme de date INSPIRE (în conformitate cu anexele la Directiva 2007/2/CE ) / 2023_Romania_PaMs technical report.pdf

ation by GD no. 964/2004 approving the Action Plan for the protection of waters against nitrite pollution from agricultural sources. GD no 964/2000 provides that Romania re-examines, revises or completes at least once every 4 years, the list of designated nitrite vulnerable areas to take into account changes and factors that have occurred since the previous designation. Thus, in the joint Order 1552/2008 of the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the list of localities by county where there are sources of nitrites from agricultural activities is approved. As a result of this approved list, the Interministerial Commission for the application of the Action Plan for the protection of waters against nitrite pollution from agricultural sources approved the Action Program for nitrite-vulnerable areas by Decision 21130/DC/14.10.2010. In accordance with this program, the provisions of the Code of Good Agricultural Practices for the protection of waters against nitrate pollution from agricultural sources approved by joint Order 1182/1270/2005 of the MMDD and MADR are mandatory in areas declared vulnerable to nitrate pollution. The nutrient management plan is carried out under the guidance of the Pedological, and Agrochemical Studies Offices based on the nutrient management framework plan drawn up and made available by MADR. In Romania, there is a national system for integrated soil monitoring, supervision, control and decisions to reduce the input of pollutants from agricultural sources and for the management of organic residues from animal husbandry in vulnerable and potentially vulnerable areas to nitrite pollution, within the structures of the National 32 Integrated Monitoring System of Water Resources and Protected Areas, managed by the National Research - Development Institute for Pedology, Agrochemistry and Environmental Protection. On February 20, 2020, a guide was published on facilities for the intensive breeding of farm animals, including meat birds, egg-laying birds, pigs and sows, approved by Order no 269/2020. The conclusions on the best available techniques (BAT) concern the following activities provided for in section 6.6 of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, "6.6. Intensive breeding of poultry and pigs", with capacities of over: a. 40 000 places for poultry; b. 2 000 places for production pigs (over 30 kg); c. 750 places for sows. These BAT conclusions cover the following on-farm processes and activities: • nutritional management of poultry and pig feed administration; • feed preparation (grinding, mixing and storage); • raising (housing) poultry and pigs; • collection and storage of animal manure; • animal manure processing; • the spreading of animal droppings on the ground (https://eur-lex.europa.eu). The new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), 2023-20275. The new CAP will be key to securing the future of agriculture and forestry, as well as achieving the objectives of the European Green Deal. The new CAP is a modernised policy, with a strong emphasis on results and performance and focuses on ten specific objectives, linked to common EU goals for social, environmental, and economic sustainability in agriculture and rural areas. The ten objectives of the new CAP are: 1. to ensure a fair income for farmers; 2. to increase competitiveness; 3. to improve the position of farmers in the food chain; 4. climate change action; 5. environmental care; 6. to preserve landscapes and biodiversity; 7. to support generational renewal; 8. vibrant rural areas; 9. to protect food and health quality; 10. fostering knowledge and innovation. One of the specific objectives of the new PAC is to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as sustainable energy. To achieve this objective, CAP aims to enhance carbon sequestration by increasing organic carbon and to increasing sustainable energy in agriculture by the production of renewable energy from agriculture and forestry. Regarding the enhancement of carbon sequestration, this indicator estimates the total organic carbon content in arable soils. Soil organic carbon is the major component of soil organic matter and is extremely important in all soil processes. It is also important for the earth's ability to bind water and thus cope with large fluctuations in precipitation, which is important in terms of climate adaptation. The annual rate of loss of organic matter can vary greatly, depending on cultivation practices, the type of plant/crop cover, drainage status of the soil and weather conditions. GD no. 1571/2022 establishing the general framework for the implementation of interventions related to the plant and animal husbandry sectors within the Strategic CAP Plan 2023-2027, financing from the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund and the state budget. CAP Strategic Plans support the transition towards a smart, 5 https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy_en 33 sustainable, competitive, resilient and diversified agricultural sector, while ensuring long-term food security. They also contribute to climate action, the protection of natural resources and the preservation/enhancement of biodiversity, as well as strengthen the socio-economic fabric of rural areas. Romania submitted its first proposal for a CAP Strategic Plan on 28 February 2022, after consultation of stakeholders. On 21 November 2022, Romania submitted a revised proposal, addressing the Commission’s observations on the first draft. The Commission approved this proposal on 7 December 2022. The strategic objectives of Romania’s Plan are to develop a resilient and sustainable agricultural sector by increasing the economic viability of farms, reducing income disparities between farms, and increasing the market orientation and competitiveness of the agricultural sector as a whole. The plan will also support farmers who contribute to protecting the environment, increasing the welfare of farm animals, and ensuring a coherent socio- economic development of rural areas. Romania’s Plan is aligned with the EU’s environmental and climate ambitions and aims at mitigating and adapting to climate change, sustainable development, efficient management of natural resources (water, soil, air) and conservation of biodiversity and landscapes. The enhanced standards for good agricultural and environmental conditions (GAECs) further increase the environmental and climate ambitions and represent minimal requirements for farmers. The way Romania is going to contribute to reducing climate change refers to the storage of carbon in soil and biomass. This means the share of used agricultural area (UAA) that is covered by commitments that benefit from support for reducing emissions or maintaining or improving carbon storage (including permanent grassland, permanent cover crops, wetland agricultural land and peatlands). The links between specific PAMs for this sector and their contribution to WEM projection scenario, including changes compared to previous submission are presented in the following table. Table 3-7 Agriculture sector - Contribution of PAMs, including changes compared to previous submission PaM PaM name Changes compared to previous ID submission 1 GD no. 739/2016 approving the National Climate Change and Low No change, not included in the Carbon Green Growth Strategy for period 2016 – 2030 and the National projection scenario (previous ID 1) Action Plan for implementation of the National Climate Change and Low Carbon Green Growth Strategy for period 2016 – 2020 2 GD no. 877/2018 approving Romania’s Sustainable Development No change (previous ID2) Strategy 2030 3 Law no. 278/2013 on industrial emissions, including BAT Conclusion No change (previous ID3) - Commitments up to 2020 for non-ETS sectors (ESD), establishing the Not included in the projection Romania's GHG emission limit for 2020, compared to 2005 level, and scenario and PaMs tabel - the annual emission allocations at national level till 2020. implementing action is finalised (previous ID 5) 5 Regulation (EU) 2018/842 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission No change, New name (previous ID6) reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement 53 Water Law no. 107/1996, amended by Law no. 112/2006 No change (previous ID 54) 54 National Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 (PNDR 2014-2020) No change (previous ID 55) 55 Order no. 226/2003 for the approval of the Strategy on the No change (previous ID 56) organization of the activity for improvement and exploitation of the grazing land at national level on medium and long term 34 56 GD no. 964/2000 on the approval of the Action Plan for water No change (previous ID 57) protection against pollution with nitrates of agricultural origin 57 Order no. 344/708/2004 approving the technical rules on environment No change (previous ID 58) protection, particularly soil protection, when using sludge in agriculture 58 GD no. 1261/2007 establishing measure for implementation of the No change (previous ID 59) Regulation (EC) no. 2003/2003 relating to fertilisers 59 GEO no. 3/2015 approving payment schemes applicable in agriculture No change (previous ID 60) within the period 2015-2020, with subsequent amendments 60 The new Common Agricultural Policy (2023-2027) New PAM 61 GD no. 1571/2022 establishing the general framework for the New PAM implementation of interventions related to the plant and animal husbandry sectors within the Strategic CAP Plan 2023-2027, financing from the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund and the state budget. In force from December 30, 2022. 62 Order 352/636/54/2015 for the approval of the rules regarding eco- New PAM conditionality within the schemes and support measures for farmers in Romania, with subsequent amendments 63 Order 269/2020 Guideline regarding on facilities (Best Technique New PAM Available) for the intensive breeding of farm animals, including meat birds, egg-laying birds, pigs and sows Comparing with previous submission, the WEM projection scenario considered the latest historical inventory data, as a baseline data for projection, and one key PAM – Common Agricultural Policy and the GD no. 1571/2022 refering to Strategic CAP Plan 2023-2027 of Romania, previously included in WAM scenario. LULUCF Sector Government of Romania has committed to reducing emissions and increasing removals through actions in three key areas: (i) increasing stored carbon and advancing innovative practices; (ii) increasing the use of wood for construction; and (iii) generating bioenergy and advanced bioproducts. • Government Decision no. 739/20166 for the approval of the Romania's national strategy regarding climate change and economic growth based on low carbon emissions (NSCCE)7 GHG affected: CO2; CH4; N2O Type of policy: regulatory Implementing entity: MARD; MEWF Interlinkages with projection-scenario: WEM Covering: national Quantified mitigation impact: (i) carbon conservation in existing forests, increase production in existing forests, increase the pool of harvested timber products, improve forest management, prevent deforestation, strengthen protection against natural disturbances, replace raw materials and GHG- intensive materials with harvested timber products; (ii) reduction of GHG emission levels (A) promoting the transfer of knowledge and advisory services on climate change issues between farmers: (A1) providing services for farmers to acquire knowledge on methods to reduce GHG concentrations in the air 6 https://legeaz.net/monitorul-oficial-831-2016/hg-739-2016-strategii-nationale-schimbari-climatice 7 http://www.mmediu.ro/categorie/strategia-cresc 35 generated by activities key, animal husbandry and fertilizer use; (A2) promoting carbon sequestration technologies and practices, insulation of buildings, use of energy from renewable sources. (B) investment support for farm modernization; this objective can be achieved by: (B1) encouraging investment in the creation of facilities and the purchase of high-performance equipment for the storage and use of manure; (B2) encouraging investment for increased energy efficiency of buildings / farms; (B3) encouraging the generation and use of energy from renewable sources on a small scale. (C) promoting good agricultural practice: (C1) avoiding the use of mechanized machinery; (C2) prohibition/limitation of the use of chemical and organic fertilizers; (C3) reduction of the number of animals on pastures; (C4) use of crops with a high capacity to fix nitrogen in the soil; (C5) encouraging organic farming. (D) promoting carbon sequestration in agriculture: (D1) incorporating plant matter into soil on agricultural land where green crops are grown. • National Rural Development Program (NRDP)8 GHG affected: CO2; CH4; N2O Type of policy: regulatory Implementing entity: MARD Interlinkages with projection-scenario: WEM Covering: national Quantified mitigation impact: (i) carbon conservation in existing forests, increase production in existing forests, increase the pool of harvested timber products, improve forest management, prevent deforestation, strengthen protection against natural disturbances, replace raw materials and GHG- intensive materials with harvested timber products; (ii) reduction of GHG emission levels It is a non-reimbursable EU financial instrument to support rural development and to unlock the rural economy and life. It contributes to the implementation of rural development priorities to meet national strategic objectives and EU CAP objectives. Many measures and sub-measures contained in the NRDP have an implicit potential to support LULUCF GHG reduction and adaptation actions. The scale of application of the measures differs depending on the specific, from the small farm to the large farms. Specific support measures range from better management of soil and land resources to promoting renewable energy production and use, from avoiding land abandonment and addressing emissions from the application of nitrogen fertilizers to green measures. The environmental and climate measures of NRDP 2014-2022, both in the case of permanent natural and semi-natural meadows, and in the case of traditional orchards used extensively or arable land, promote the practice of agriculture which involves avoiding or limiting the use of heavy machinery and avoiding chemicalization application of traditional agricultural techniques used, which are basically reduced to non-intensive grazing and the establishment of data and methods of mowing. They will promote the maintenance of priority habitats and important species, the traditional cultural background, as well as the rational use of natural resources. Efforts to date to achieve ambitious environmental protection targets are further supported by the NRDP 2014-2022, the allocation of environmental and climate measures in the current programming period, exceeding 30% of total EAFRD allocations. For the 2014-2022 programming period, special emphasis was placed on promoting the efficient use of resources, as well as on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in agriculture and rural areas, in line with the objectives set by the Europe 2020 Strategy made available to Member States to achieve these objectives is the new package of environmental and climate measures of the NRDP 2020, addressed to agri-environment and climate practices - Measure 10, organic 8 https://www.pndr.ro 36 farming - Measure 11 of areas facing natural constraints - Measure 13, they being implemented in Romania since 2015. The allocations of these Measures are consistent, with farmers being able to access the commitments in which amounts of approximately 2.623 billion euros are available, as follows: (i) Measure 10 - 1.069 billion euros, agri - environment and climate. Measure to encourage the application of sustainable agricultural practices in relevant areas, in particular in areas of high natural value and in areas important for wild bird and butterfly species, Natura 2000 areas, with the aim of conserving biodiversity on agricultural land, protecting water and soil and reducing GHG emissions. It is also envisaged to increase the number of adult breeding animals from traditional local breeds in danger of abandonment. (ii) Measure 11- 235.72 million euros, organic farming. The measure promotes the application of organic farming practices by providing financial support both for the conversion to organic farming methods and in maintaining organic farming practices. (iii) Measure 13- 1.318 billion euros, payments for areas facing natural or other specific constraints. Aims to encourage the continuation of agricultural activities in areas facing natural or specific constraints. • Joint Order no. 352/636/54/2015 on cross-compliance in support schemes and measures for farmers in