Climă/Teme de date INSPIRE (în conformitate cu anexele la Directiva 2007/2/CE ) / 2023_Romania_PaMs technical report.pdf

Romania9 GHG affected: CO2; CH4; N2O Type of policy: regulatory Implementing entity: MARD; NVSFSA; MEWF Interlinkages with projection-scenario: WEM Covering: national Quantified mitigation impact: (i) increasing the cropland and grassland quality throug is SOC increases in mineral soils; (ii) reduction of GHG emission levels Romania has established a set of rules that all beneficiaries are obliged to observe on all agricultural plots within the holding, including those for which they do not request support and those that are not used for production purposes. The cross-compliance norms refer to a series of standards constituted by the Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC) and the Legal Requirements in Management Matters (SMR), grouped by domains: Soil and carbon stock: (i) minimum soil cover; (ii) minimum land management that reflects specific local conditions to limit erosion, (iii) maintaining soil organic matter levels, including a ban on burning arable stubble. Landscape, minimum level of maintenance: (i) the preservation of landscape elements, including isolated trees and existing terraces on agricultural land, (ii) taking appropriate measures to prevent the installation of unwanted vegetation and to ensure a minimum level of maintenance of agricultural land. • National Support Program in the Wine sector (NSPWS)10 In the context of the continuous development of the Agricultural sector, it was decided to continue the national support programs in the wine sector for the next programming period, respectively for the period 2019-2023. GHG affected: CO2 9 https://legeaz.net/monitorul-oficial-363-2015/ordinul-madr-mmap-ansvsa-352-2015/anexa-norme 10 https://www.madr.ro/comunicare/4724-sprijin-european-acordat-sectorului-vitivinicol-in-perioada-2019-2023 37 Type of policy: regulatory Implementing entity: MARD Interlinkages with projection-scenario: WEM Covering: national Quantified mitigation impact: (i) prevention of soil erosion; (ii) maintain organic matter and soil structure; (iii) protecting biodiversity; (iv) reduction of GHG emission levels Is based on the evaluation of the results obtained as a result of the implementation of previous national programs, namely the National Support Program 2009-2013 and the National Support Program of Romania in the wine sector 2014-2018 and on conducting an analysis of the needs of the Romanian wine sector. Through the National Support Program in the Wine Sector 2019-2023, Romania aims to restructure, annually, an area of vines of approx. 1000- 1800 ha, which would represent an annual percentage of 0.5-1% of the total vineyard area. The important activities provided for in the "National Support Program for Vineyards and Wine Producers for 2019-2023", in the context of climate change, refer to the conversion of varieties, including grafting, relocation of vineyards, replanting due to compulsory deforestation, sanitary or phytosanitary products, as well as the modernization of vineyards by: (i) designing, (ii) installing/replacing a management and palisade support system, (iii) modernizing vine management through the transition from low to semi-high cultivation, and (iv) modernization of the support system by replacing the wires and installing 3 rows of wires, of which at least two doubles, to the management and fencing system to support the hubs, (v) installation of drip irrigation systems eligible for funding, including for winegrowers who have accessed restructuring programs - previous conversion of vineyards. • GD on the organization, management and use of permanent pasture land in support of the implementation of GEO 34/201311, in accordance with Regulation 1234/2007 EC12 GHG affected: CO2 Type of policy: regulatory Implementing entity: MARD; MEWF Interlinkages with projection-scenario: WEM Covering: national Quantified mitigation impact: (i) increasing the grassland quality throug is SOC increases in mineral soils; (ii) reduction of GHG emission levels It focuses on improving the management of grazing land and conserving its total area as of 1 January 2007, although without land conversion restrictions. It also established the obligation of the owners to develop a pastoral management plan and establishes a register of grazing lands, organized by the local municipality. The decision is meant to fill a historical institutional gap regarding the management of grazing lands by allocating specific tasks to different local and county institutions. • Law no. 220 of October 27, 2008 for the establishment of the system for the promotion of energy production from renewable energy sources13 GHG affected: CO2; CH4; N2O Type of policy: Regulatory, Support Implementing entity: Ministry of Energy Interlinkages with projection-scenario: WEM 11 https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/147761 12 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32007R1234 13 https://www.engie.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Legea-nr-220-din-2008-actualizata.pdf 38 Covering: national Quantified mitigation impact: reducing GHG emissions produced from instant oxidation of wood used for energy uses and reducing the pressure on the annual harvest The mentioned law foresees to promote of the use of renewable resources for energy production and seeks to extend the renewable grid across Romania. Producers of energy from renewable sources benefit from several green certificates for the electricity produced and delivered according to the provisions; one or more green certificates are given for every 1 MWh based on specific guidelines. Waste Sector Waste management Based on the continuous decrease and degradation of natural resources, as well as on the need to conserve them (mainly biological resources), the re-assessment of the anthropogenic origin waste management options is required, concerning the increase of the recovery level thereof and the drastic reduction of the quantities requiring disposal. Judicious waste management is a mean to identify, totalize and assess eco -systemic services, to adopt the best decisions on environmental preservation, conservation and management, and, therefore, a means of GHG emission reduction. Romania’s Sustainable Development Strategy 2030, approved by GD no. 877/2018, within the Objective 12 Responsible consumption and production establishes the following 2030 national targets that directly influence the GHG emissions for this sector: • Halving per capita the food waste at the level of retail and consumption and reduce food waste throughout the production and supply chain, including post-harvest losses • Recycle 55% of municipal waste by 2025 and 60% by 2030 • Recycle 65% of packaging waste by 2025 (plastic materials 50%, wood 25%, ferrous metals 70%, aluminum 50%, glass 70%, paper and cardboard 75%) and 70% by 2030 (plastic materials 55%, wood 30%, ferrous metals 80%, aluminum 60%, glass 75%, paper and cardboard 85%) • Implement the separate collection of household hazardous waste by 2022, of biological waste by 2023 and of textile waste by 2025 • Establish extended producer responsibility schemes for all types of packaging by 2024. The National Waste Management Plan, approved by GD no. 942/2017, including clear and coherent measures to achieve the objectives of preparation for reuse and recycling of waste, in accordance with Article 11 (2) of Directive 2008/98/EC; the measures considered are mainly based on the existence and use of key economic instruments such as: • Adequate storage rates (and/or prohibitions on the storage of recyclable waste) • Incineration pricing policy able to favor recycling/reuse • Other economic instruments identified during the elaboration of the plan, in accordance with the specific national situation • Additional capacities for collection, treatment, recycling, if applicable • In 2020 - gradual increase of the readiness degree for reuse and recycling of municipal waste - target of 50% of the total amount of recyclable waste generated, calculated by Method 2 of Annex I of Decision 2011/753 / EU, ensuring compliance current legal provisions 39 • In 2025 - gradual increase of the readiness degree for reuse and recycling of municipal waste - target in 2025 - 50% calculated by Method 4 of Annex I of Decision 2011/753/EU, correlated with the provisions of the proposed amendment to the Directive framework of the Circular Economy Package, published in December 2015. The Circular Economy package, adopted by the European Commission in December 2015, aiming to stimulate the transition to a circular economy at European level. The package includes legislative proposals on waste, as well as a related action plan. Waste proposals set long-term goals to reduce waste disposal and increase recycling and reuse. The adoption of the circular economy package entails the revision of the following Directives: • Directive 2008/98/EC on waste and repealing certain Directives • Directive 2006/66/EC on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators and repealing Directive 91/157 / EEC • Directive 2011/65/EC on restrictions on the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment • Directive 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment • Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of-life vehicles • Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste. Adopted in May 2018, following the inter-institutional negotiations between Parliament and the Council, the four Directives (Directive 2018/849 amending Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of life vehicles, Directive 2006/66/EC on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators and Directive 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment, Directive 2018/850 amending Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste, Directive 2018/851 amending Directive 2008/98/EC on waste and Directive 2018/852 amending Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste), include the following main elements: • Reuse and recycling of 65% of the mass of municipal waste by 2035 (with an intermediate target of 55% by 2025 and 60% by 2030). To achieve this goal, Romania can benefit from an additional period of five years, provided that by 2025 and 2030, respectively, the preparation rate for reuse and recycling of municipal waste reaches a minimum of 50% and 60% by weight • Reuse and recycling of 65% of the weight of all packaging waste by 2025 and at least 70% by 2030. Minimum targets are also set for the preparation for reuse and recycling of specific materials contained in packaging waste for both 2025 and for the year 2030 • Storage of a maximum of 10% of municipal waste by 2035. Romania may benefit from an additional period of five years provided that by 2030 the amount of municipal waste stored is reduced to 20% of the total amount of waste generated • Prohibition of the storage of separately collected waste, which requires the separate collection of biological waste until 2023 and textiles and hazardous waste from households until 2025 • Promoting economic instruments to discourage storage • Simplified and improved definitions and harmonised methods for calculating recycling rates at EU level • Promoting reuse and stimulating industrial symbiosis - transforming a by-product of one industry into a raw material for another industry • Economic incentives for manufacturers to market greener products and support recycling and recovery schemes (eg for packaging, batteries, electrical and electronic equipment, vehicles) 40 • Reducing the generation of food waste in primary production, processing and processing, in wholesale and retail trade, in restaurants and food services, as well as in households. The action plan provides for measures aimed at closing the loop of the circular economy, following all stages of the life cycle of a product: from production and consumption, to waste management and the secondary raw materials market. PNRR, Component C3 Waste Management, aiming to accelerate the process of expansion and modernization of waste management systems in Romania based on separate collection, prevention measures, reduction, reuse and recycle in order to comply with the applicable directives and the transition to the circular economy. This component includes the adoption of the National Strategy for Circular Economy and the Action Plan (Q3 2022). Wastewater treatment The legislation in force shall be observed to prevent the pollution of surface water sources with waste waters resulting from anthropogenic sources. The legislation mainly refers to the quality indicators of the waste waters discharged in tributary streams. The basis of the European Union legislation on waste waters is Directive 91/271/EEC of May 21 st, 1991 on the treatment of urban waste waters, amended and supplemented by Commission Directive 98/15/EC of February 27th, 1998. Directive 91/271/EEC was fully transposed in the Romanian legislation by Romanian Government Decision no. 188/2002 approving certain norms on the conditions for the aquatic discharge conditions of wastewater, amended and supplemented by Romanian Government Decision no. 352/2005. GD no. 188/2002 contains the following capital importance annexes in the collection, transport, treatment and discharge of waste waters: • Annex 1. Technical norms on the collection, treatment and discharge of municipal waste waters, NTPA – 011 • Annex 2. Norm on the conditions on the discharge of waste waters in the sewage systems of localities and directly in treatment stations, NTPA – 002 • Annex 3. Norm on establishing the pollutant loading limits of industrial and municipal waste waters, on discharge in natural receptors, NTPA – 001. The main objective of Directive 91/271/EEC is to protect the environment from the negative impacts of the discharges of urban waste waters and of waste waters from certain industrial sectors (mainly food industry product processing and manufacturing). In Romania, the European legislation on the treatment of wastewater and discharge in the aquatic environment was transposed between 2002 and 2005, however, implementation stages for full conformity with the Directive requirements are still required. Considering both Romania’s positioning in the hydrographic basin of the Danube River and in the Black Sea basin, as well as the need for environmental protection in such areas, Romania declared its entire territory as a sensitive area. The decision materializes through the fact that agglomerations with over 10,000 equivalent inhabitants shall ensure an infrastructure for the treatment of urban waste waters enabling advanced treatment, particularly in terms of the nitrogen and phosphor nutrients. Secondary treatment (the biological step) is a general rule for agglomerations under 10,000 equivalent inhabitants. 41 The Directive implementation terms vary and depend on the size of the agglomeration and the impact thereof on the receptor waters. The final transition term for the implementation of the Directive was set for December 31 st, 2018, with interim terms for the collection and treatment of urban waste waters. Measures for the limitation and/or reduction of GHG emissions resulting from the treatment of household waste waters are as follows: • Increasing the connection level to wastewater sewage and treatment services • Construction and commissioning new wastewater treatment stations • The rehabilitation and upgrade of the existing wastewater treatment stations • Using modern, low power technologies • The automation of the wastewater treatment facility operation, with positive implications on the optimum operation thereof, respectively the avoidance of methane gas emissions • Collecting household sludges per geographic areas, the processing thereof through anaerobic fermentation in modern and safe biogas production facilities. Romania’s Sustainable Development Strategy 2030, approved by GD no. 877/2018, within the Objective 6 Clean water and sanitation establishes the following 2030 national targets that directly influence the GHG emissions for this sector: • Substantially increase the efficiency of water use in industrial, commercial, and agricultural activities; expand the rational reuse of treated and recycled water in order to meet the requirements of a circular economy • Connect at least 90% of households in towns, communes and compact villages to the drinking water and sewerage network • Improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating waste disposal and reducing to a minimum the amount of chemical products and dangerous substances, thereby reducing the proportion of untreated waste water and significantly increasing recycling and safe reuse. PNRR, Component 1 Water management, aiming to increase the degree of access of the population, especially in rural areas, to a public water and sewerage service in accordance with the requirements of European directives, accessible to all social categories. The links between specific PaMs for this sector and their contribution to WEM projection scenario, including changes compared to previous submission are presented in the following table. Table 3-8 Waste sector -