Climă/Teme de date INSPIRE (în conformitate cu anexele la Directiva 2007/2/CE ) / 2023_Romania_PaMs technical report.pdf

climate plans before they are finalized to avoid inconsistencies and potential negative impacts on other Member States and ensure that common objectives are met collectively. Regional cooperation in elaborating, revision and finalizing integrated NECPs as well as in their subsequent implementation is essential to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of measures and fostering market integration and energy security. The implementation of policies and measures in the areas of energy and climate has impact on the environment. In this respect, the public has early opportunities to participate and to be consulted on the preparation of the integrated national energy and climate plans. All procedural stages established by GD no. 1076/2004 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment) are implemented for such strategic documents in Romania. This Government Decision transposed the provisions of Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. 2. Planned additional policies and measures referred to in point (d) of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 Information on planned additional national policies and measures, or groups of measures, envisaged with a view to limiting GHG emissions beyond the commitments under Regulation (EU) 2018/842 and Regulation (EU) 7 2018/841. The policies and measures that would reduce emissions beyond those that are covered in the Effort Sharing Regulation and the LULUCF regulation. 2.1 Transport For this sector, a set of additional measures included in planned Operational Programmes 2021-2027 was considered in the With Additional Measures projection scenario, focused on the development of the transport infrastructure for assuring the connectivity at the national level and between EU countries, increasing the efficiency of Romanian railways, developing the green public transport and improving the efficiency of vehicles fleet. Also, the EU Package of proposals "Fit for 55" was considered, focusing on increasing the share of energy from renewable sources in final energy consumption of transport sector. Details related to the planned programmes considered are presented in section 3.2 Information on WAM projection scenario. 2.2 Energy consumption For this sector, a set of additional measures was considered in the With Additional Measures projection scenario, focusing on modernization of the industrial sector and residential, services and agricultural sector. These additional measures are expected to improve the energy efficiency in industrial, residential and public buildings sectors by accessing the planned Operational Programmes 2021-2027 and support schemes for promoting the use of renewable energy sources. Also, the EU Package of proposals "Fit for 55" was considered, focusing on increasing the share of energy from renewable sources in final energy consumption of industrial sector and building sector and implementation of energy efficiency measures for reduction of final energy consumption, through renovation of buildings owned by public bodies. Details related to the planned programme considered are presented in section 3.2 Information on WAM projection scenario. 2.3 Agriculture The additional measures considered in the With Additional Measures projection scenario was focus on improving the feed quality for livestock, increase methane recovery from anaerobic fermentation of manure, modern methods of fertilizer application, in line with planned EU Methan Action Plan. 2.4 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Related to LULUCF sector was considered implementation through voluntary agreements and/or negotiated of a larger number of investment projects to reduce GHG emissions, such as investments to improve sustainable management of forest and forestry, expand forested areas, restore degraded lands, afforestation of degraded lands. The following regulations and guidelines are considered: (i) Guidelines Reporting on greenhouse gas policies and measures under Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action; (ii) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1208. Policies and measures (PaMs) related to LULUCF sector have previously been reported in Romanian’s National Communication (NC8) on Climate Change and Biennial 8 Report (BR5) to the UNFCCC and in the report submitted under to the EU 2022 in accordance to articles 13 and 14 under Regulation (EU) No 525/2013. Starting with 2019, Romania developed and implemented a new QA/QC Plan specific to LULUCF sector, used for checking input data for compliance with the most important data quality requirements, IPCC Guidelines 2000 and 2006. The QA/AC strategy include several data consistency checks, through documentation of data inputs and changes to the calculation file. A standard data input form has been used for each subcategory. Differences from the 2021 report. The manner of presentation, including aggregation, of policies and measures in the present report is different from that in the previous report. The modifications which have been made result from changes adopted in strategic documents and regulations and from the use of a verified, different approach to the analysis of policies and measures, as a result of which a substantial improvement has been achieved in terms of the scope, comprehensiveness and reliability of the information presented on policies and measures. A substantial group of policies and measures presented in the 2021 report has been replaced by different measures in relation to updates of plans, programmes and sectoral strategies which are often a continuation of the previous documents. Moreover, the changes also result from a more detailed approach to the presentation of policies and measures related to LULUCF sector. Certain policies and measures have also been regrouped and aggregated otherwise in order to improve the transparency of the reported information. 2.5 Waste For the Waste sector, a set of additional measures included in planned Operational Programmes 2021-2027 was considered in the With Additional Measures projection scenario, focused on improving solid waste management, through efficient waste management in order to accelerate the transition to the circular economy. Details related to the planned measures are presented in section 3.2 Information on WAM projection scenario. 9 3. Links between different policies and measures and the contribution of those policies and measures to different projection scenarios, as referred to in point (e) of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 Romania, as an EU Member State has implemented mitigation policies and measures for many years which has already contributed successfully to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in recent years. These include the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), Effort Sharing Decision and a wide range of policies and measures addressing all sectors of the economy. At EU level, the climate policies are already extended through Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’), setting out a a binding objective of climate neutrality in the EU by 2050, including a binding intermediate EU climate target (reduction of net GHG emissions, after deduction of removals, by at least 55% compared to 1990 levels by 2030). The the relevant EU institutions and the Member States (MS) shall take the necessary measures at EU and national level to enable the collective achievement of the climate-neutrality objective. Romania’s commitments for 2030 is established through: • GD no. 780/2006 establishing the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme (ETS), with further amendments and supplements; for 2021-2030 period, the national emissions reduction commitment is part of the EU's commitment to reduce GHG emissions related to ETS sector (62% lower than in 2005) • Regulation (EU) 2018/842 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement, establishing the Member States obligations related to their minimum contribution for the 2021-2030 period to fulfill the Union’s target of reducing its GHG emissions by 40% below 2005 levels in 2030 in the sectors covered by article 2 of Regulation. For non-ETS sectors, Romania will contribute to the overall EU target of reducing the GHG emissions in 2030 with 40% in comparison with 2005 its share being established to -12,7%. • Regulation (EU) 2018/841, as modified under the Fit for 55 negotiations, established for Romania a target of -25 665 kt of CO2 equivalent greenhouse gas net removals. The assumption for GHG emission projections (activity data and considered policies and measures) in different projection scenarios are corelated with those considered in the Romania’s National Air Pollution Control Programme, developed in line with Directive 2016/2284 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC. The Directive was transposed in national legislation by Law no. 293/2018.on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants and the National Air Pollution Control Programme was approved by GD no. 119/2023. The links between policies and measures (PaMs) and their contribution to the projection scenarios are presented in section 3.1 for With Existing Measures (WEM) scenario and in section 3.2 for With Additional Measures (WAM) scenario. 10 The key sectoral PaMs considered to have significant effects in WEM Scenario, in term of GHG emissions reduction potential, are as follows: Energy sector: • GD no. 1076/2021 for approval of the 2021-2030 Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (PNIESC) • Romania's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) • GD no. 203/2019 approving the Fourth National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (NAPEE 2017 - 2020) • GD no. 1034/2020 for approval of National Long-term Renovation Strategy to support the renovation of the national residential and non-residential building stock, public and private, into a highly efficient and decarbonized building stock by 2030. Transport sector: • GD no. 1076/2021 for approval of the 2021-2030 Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (PNIESC) • Romania's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) • GD no. 666/2016 for approving the General Transport Master Plan, updated by GD no. 1312/2021 for the approval of the Investment Program for the Development of Transport Infrastructure for the period 2021- 2030 • GD no. 985/2020 for the approval of the Railway Infrastructure Development Strategy 2021-2025 and GD no. 1302/2021 for the approval of the Action Program for the development of railway infrastructure and the modal transfer to the railway of passenger and freight transport flows • GD no. 203/2019 approving the Fourth National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (NAPEE 2017 - 2020). IPPU sector: • GD no. 780/2006 establishing the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading, with subsequent amendments (including GD no. 393/2020) • Regulation (EU) no. 517/2014 related fluorinated greenhouse gases • Directive 40/2006/EC (MAC Directive) on emissions from air conditioning systems of the motor vehicles. Agriculture sector: • The new Common Agricultural Policy (2023-2027) • GD no. 1571/2022 establishing the general framework for the implementation of interventions related to the plant and animal husbandry sectors within the Strategic CAP Plan 2023-2027, financing from the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund and the state budget • The National Strategy for Sustainable Development of Romania - Horizon 2013 - 2020 – 2030, aproved by GD no. 529/2013 • The National Rural Development Program 2014-2020 • Directive 91/676/EEC on the protection of waters against nitrite pollution from agricultural sources was transposed into Romanian legislation by GD no. 964/2004 • Order no 269/2020 Guideline regarding on facilities (Best Technique Available) for the intensive breeding of farm animals, including meat birds, egg-laying birds, pigs and sows. LULUCF Sector: 11 Romania's policy to mitigate climate change aims at both GHG removal and resilience to the effects of climate change. In order to achieve the overall objective of GHG removal, a set of PaMs has been developed at national level. These PaMs are in line with operational objectives as well as strategies and documents considered crucial in the field of climate change. Figure 3-1 PaMs analysis. LULUCF sector At EU level, there is an annual GHG monitoring mechanism for Member States, as well as the actions taken by the EU member states to reduce emissions/increase removals. Out of a volume of over 2000 PaMs at EU level regarding climate change and their mitigation in Europe, Romania counts approximately 76 for all sectors1. Romania’s LULUCF sector analysis indicates the ongoing concern regarding the development and implementation of PaMs to monitor climate actions at national level. It aims to assess the climate situation and help make future decisions on climate change mitigation measures, Figure 3-1. PaMs are divided in two scenarios, WEM - assumed to be those adopted before 2020 and WAM - assumed to be those adopted after 2020. The assumptions of including PaMs in the two scenarios were according to the following definitions: (i) WEM - with existing measures, shall encompass currently implemented and adopted PaMs; (ii) WAM - with additional measures, also encompass planned PaMs. In that case the status must be planned, and the implementation period must be in the future2. Romania's policy to combat climate change aims at both GHG reduction and increase resilience to the effects of climate change. Cross-Cutting Measures. Measures in this section include those aimed at reducing emissions across the economy or across multiple sectors, including LULUCF. To achieve the overall objective of GHG reductions, a set of multi- sectoral policies and measures included in the WEM scenario has been developed at national level. These policies and measures are in line with the operational objectives of (i) Romania's Energy Strategy 2019-2030, with a view to 20503, and (ii) the National strategy for climate change and economic growth, based on low carbon emissions 1 https://www.eea.europa.eu 2 2021_Reporting guidelines-GHG PaMs_GovRegArt18_v3.pdf 3 http://www.mmediu.ro 12 for the period 2016- 2030, (iii) National Action Plan4, as well as other strategies and documents that are considered crucial in the field of energy, change climate or ETS related and non-ETS industries. National Integrated Energy and Climate Change Plan 2021-2030, it was built on a series of constitutive elements, essential for defining Romania's role and contribution to the consolidation of the Energy Union. In this regard, the main elements taken into account in the strategic approach of the Plan were the following: (i) economic growth and household income growth by 2030; (ii) the holistic approach to energy, the economy, the environment and climate change should be closely linked to the economic reality of the Member States, so that the macroeconomic and internal social balance is not affected; (iii) the dimension of energy security: implementation of projects included in the Energy Strategy of Romania 2019-2030, with perspectives for 2050; (iv) reducing energy poverty and accelerating the electrification of transport; (v) restructuring the market environment in the context of transition-induced costs and the ability of Member States to support these costs in terms of accessibility and competitiveness. Romania's National Strategy for Sustainable Development on the horizon 2013-2020-2030 was achieved in 2008 and it was revised by GD no. 877/9 adopted in November 2018. The aim of the strategy is to stimulate the country's development to meet EU standards by ensuring that the principles and practices of sustainable development are incorporated into public programs and policies. Among other issues relevant to climate change mitigation and adaptation, the strategy recommends the initiation of a national sustainable forest management program including an increase in forest area of 200 kha through afforestation of degraded and abandoned land, establishment of the national forest curtain system, especially in areas affected by drought and desertification. The strategy highlights recent progress and the needs for energy efficient development, with substantial potential in rural areas of the country and by increasing the share of biomass-based energy in the national energy mix. The vision for Romania in its efforts to combat climate change is to become a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy that has integrated its climate change policies and actions into smart, green and smart economic growth, inclusive until 2030. The main objective in the field of agriculture and rural development is to maintain a low level of GHG emissions from the Agricultural and LULUCF sector. Agriculture generates almost 15% of GHG emissions in the country in 2012, if we do not consider the change of land use and forestry. Although this percentage is higher compared to the EU-27 average of 10%, the intensity of GHG emissions per unit of agricultural production in Romanian a