CFR Network Statement2026

319 24 50 Fax: +40 21 319 24 51 2026 CFR Network Statement Version: 15.1.6 Section: Infrastructure A Page Date: 29.05.2026 33 of 98  Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate “CFR” S.A. Romania Train Control Systems (1) In order to increase the commercial speed at the level of the CFR network, there are also included in the modernization projects works for implementing the European Railway Traffic Management System/European Train Control System (ERTMS/ETCS), both on-track and on-board, with the direct and indirect benefits that it brings to the train traffic with a view to increasing the speed, safety and traffic capacity. (2) The trackside Control-Command and Signalling Subsystem - CCS, equipped with ERTMS equipment, ensures the interoperability of the trans-European railway system. The characteristics of the control-command and signalling systems are the following: 1. the functions that are crucial for the safe control of the railway traffic, and for its operation, including those necessary for the emergency conditions; 2. the interfaces; 3. the level of performance necessary to meet the essential requirements. (3) The CCS Subsystem includes the following components: 1. train protection; 2. radio voice communications; 3. radio data communications; 4. train detection. (4) The CCS Subsystem includes the following equipment: - Equipment of the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2; - Equipment of the Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway (GSM-R). By means of a voice network and a data network, GSM-R ensures the connection between the trackside ETCS Level 2 equipment and the on-board mobile ETCS equipment. The trackside ETCS Level 2 and GSM-R equipment consists of traffic safety systems, and with its help there are transmitted to the locomotive drivers from the traction vehicles equipped with on-board ERTMS equipment (OBU) information regarding: - the Movement Authority; - the train speed depending on the track characteristics (set speed, reduced speed, speed limitations, speed restrictions, gradient, free or occupied status of the detection systems, etc.), respectively on the train characteristics (category, length, weight, brake type, braking percentage, etc.); - the stopping order. The trackside ETCS Level 2 equipment includes Eurobalises, and provides, in addition to the conditions for the INDUSI system, the following: a. a secure coding and communication system between the ground and the on-board equipment; b. the detection of any missing trackside equipment; c. an on-board computer system, designed on safety principles, for managing the braking curves. The main element of the trackside ERTMS Level 2 is the Radio Block Centre - RBC, which operates in connection with the interlocking systems of the stations, and the line block systems using ETCS Level 2 and GSM-R for the train identification and the transfer of the driving parameters to the trains equipped with on- board ERTMS, by means of the “Movement Authority” (MA). At present, the ERTMS system is mounted on two sections of the CFR Network, as follows: - Buftea - Brazi (certified); - Km.614 - Curtici (certified). The ERTMS system is also being mounted on two other sections: - Sighisoara - Coslariu (the Sighisoara – Simeria Section); - Coslariu - Simeria (the Sighisoara – Simeria Section). 2026 CFR Network Statement Version: 15.1.6 Section: Infrastructure A Page Date: 29.05.2026 34 of 98  Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate “CFR” S.A. Romania For the other (Rhine – Danube and East/East - Med) Core or Comprehensive TEN-T sections, ERTMS is in different stages of project preparation or implementation. The installation of the ERTMS system has been included in all the projects for the modernization of the railway lines on the European corridors. The stage of ERTMS implementation on the Romanian railway network directly depends on the completion of the railway infrastructure modernization works. Thus, most of the railway network is in various phases of modernization and, implicitly, in various phases of ERTMS implementation (Figure 1). 2.4 Traffic Restrictions Specialized Infrastructure CFR has not designated any specific (specialized) railway infrastructures for certain traffic flows complying with Article 49 of Law No. 202/2016 on the integration of the Romanian railway system into the single European railway area, as further amended and supplemented. Environmental Restrictions No environmental traffic restrictions are applied on the Romanian railway network. Dangerous Goods The dangerous goods are accepted for transportation on the basis of a timetable approved by CFR upon the request of the RU, which is to indicate all the characteristic data of the transported dangerous goods, and the special traffic conditions. 2026 CFR Network Statement Version: 15.1.6 Section: Infrastructure A Page Date: 29.05.2026 35 of 98  Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate “CFR” S.A. Romania Tunnel Restrictions The Romanian Railway Infrastructure comprises 171 tunnels with a total length of 62 km. The tunnels are not restricted for the diesel traction traffic. The loading gauge through the tunnels is: GA, GB, GC according to the construction year or the last overhaul. The transports exceeding the loading gauge of the tunnels are dealt with in accordance with Article 2.5 of the NS. No out-of-loading gauge transports are permitted on the Oravita – Anina Line. Bridge Restrictions The Railway Network comprises 17 694 bridges and culverts (4 216 of them are bridges) with a total length of 143.65 km. The traffic restrictions on the bridges refer to the loading gauge or to the load per linear meter. The restrictions are determined by the ratio between the bearing capacity of the bridge, and the load per axle or linear meter of the rolling stock. The restriction refers to the enforcement of a value of the load per axle/linear meter or the speed restriction and tonnage acceptance. This restriction is mentioned at C3 in Annex II RIV. These restrictions may be exceeded only after obtaining some special approvals which have to be required in advance by the RU. 2.5 Availability of the Infrastructure In principle, the stations (the traffic sections) have full availability (uninterrupted activity), with the following exceptions: a) infrastructure maintenance or repairing works; b) infrastructure overhaul or upgrading works; c) activity suspended on low-traffic sections, during certain periods of the day; d) urgent works; e) force majeure cases; There are set out in the annual working timetable “windows” (reserve capacities) for the maintenance and repairing of the railway infrastructure. They may be operatively cancelled if there are no works scheduled or the train paths allocated may contain remarks regarding the availability within the “windows” that are published before enforcing the timetable. a) The overhauling or upgrading works are scheduled in due time, and are set down in the working timetable. b) The activity may be suspended on certain low-traffic sections (for time intervals smaller than 24 hours), especially at night, if no train path is allocated. The intervals for suspending the activity are established according to the low-traffic periods in the working timetable. After the entry into force of the timetable, the traffic of the RU’s trains within these time intervals is subject to a prior approval taking into account the technical possibilities, and the recovery of the additional costs for resuming the activity. At the request of the RU, CFR may supply the services related to the resumption of the activity on the sections with suspended traffic, under the conditions set down at point 5.5.5. The list of these sections and suspension intervals is set out in Annex 11. 2026 CFR Network Statement Version: 15.1.6 Section: Infrastructure A Page Date: 29.05.2026 36 of 98  Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate “CFR” S.A. Romania c) If urgent works on the railway infrastructure are necessary in the situations when there is a danger for the traffic safety, CFR orders the closure of the traffic on the relevant sections until the repairs have been performed. d) If the infrastructure is affected due to a force majeure case making the railway infrastructure unavailable, the RUs are operatively notified, and alternative train paths are made available to them on deviated routes. The specific provisions are set out in the access contract These cases of unavailability of the infrastructure are notified to the RUs in accordance with the provisions of Article 53 of Law No. 202/2016. 2.6 Infrastructure Development Infrastructure is the most important logistical resource of the railway transport, and the development of the infrastructure must be seen from the perspective of the need to develop the railway transport. The development of the railway infrastructure includes, first of all, the maintenance, repair and renewal actions necessary for the rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure, and its maintenance at the performance parameters necessary to support a competitive railway transport at national level. The development of the railway infrastructure also includes the modernization and development actions needed to meet the current and future mobility needs of the people and goods, as well as the identified requirements for increasing the competitiveness of the railway transport. Last but not least, the development of the railway infrastructure includes actions for modernizing the operation of the railway infrastructure, on the one hand, in order to increase the performance of the train traffic, and, on the other hand, in order to streamline the operation with a view to limiting the railway transport costs. Finally, the development of the railway infrastructure includes actions designed to maintain a high level of the train traffic safety, with a view to strengthening one of the important strengths of the railway transport on the transport market. In accordance with the provisions of Article 8(1) of Law No. 202/2016, CFR, in collaboration with the specialized departments of the Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure and Communications, prepared the Strategy for the Development of the Railway Infrastructure in the Period of Time 2021-2025. The strategy aims at substantiating the needs of financing the Romanian railway infrastructure for the next 5 years (period of time 2021-2025). Against this background, it should be noted that the general objectives, the specific objectives and the strategic actions are defined in accordance with a medium- and long-term strategic vision, which includes as benchmarks the years 2025, 2030 and 2050. But within each direction of strategic action there are identified actions with a priority nature from a time perspective, which should be carried out in the next 5 years. These priority actions are quantified in terms of estimated costs, in order to identify the financing needs for the next 5 years. It is envisaged not to exceed a sustainable financing level, estimated on the basis of the information available at the time of developing the strategy. In accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of Law No. 202/2016, based on the financing need identified within this strategy, there is going to be established and approved the plan of actual financing of the railway infrastructure for the next 5 years. Based on the approved financing plan, the CFR business plan for the next 5 years will then be drawn up, which will also identify the feasible investment plan within the approved financing plan. The development strategy of the Romanian railway infrastructure is correlated with the General Transport Master Plan of Romania, approved by means of the Government Decision No. 666/2016, as well as with the Management Plan of the company. Moreover, following the approval by the Government, the railway infrastructure development strategy will be integrated in the development strategy of Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate “CFR” SA, the manager of the Romanian railway infrastructure. Some relevant elements of the railway infrastructure development strategy are summarized in Annex 12.a. 2026 CFR Network Statement Version: 15.1.6 Section: Infrastructure A Page Date: 29.05.2026 37 of 98  Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate “CFR” S.A. Romania The railway infrastructure development strategy for the period of time 2021-2025 is published on: https://cfr.ro/programe-si-strategii-2/ . The status of the investment projects aimed at modernizing the infrastructure related to the European railway corridors and the TEN-T network is summarized in Annex 12.b. These projects are eligible for financing from European grants. Back to TABLE OF CONTENTS 2026 CFR Network Statement Version: 15.1.6 Section: Infrastructure A Page Date: 29.05.2026 38 of 98 Cap. 3 ACCES CONDITIONS  Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate “CFR” S.A. Romania 3.1 Introduction The public railway infrastructure on the Romanian territory belongs to the Romanian State, and is awarded in concession to Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate “CFR”-SA in its capacity as infrastructure manager. The concrete elements of the public railway infrastructure are defined in Annex 2 to GD No. 581/1998 on setting-up Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate “CFR”-SA, as further amended, and in Annex 1 to Law No. 202/2016. The access to the railway infrastructure is granted on a non-discriminatory basis to all the RUs that fulfil the necessary and sufficient conditions, and require and conclude an access contract with CFR or an allocation agreement in case of the other applicants. 3.2 General Access Requirements The access to the Romanian railway infrastructure is granted in accordance with the normative acts set out in Annex 13. Conditions for Applying for Capacity An infrastructure capacity may be requested by an applicant (RU) defined in accordance with Article 3(28) of Law No. 202/2016, as further amended and supplemented. For requesting infrastructure capacity, the applicant shall fulfil the following requirements:  if it is a Romanian or a foreign RU and/or an international grouping of RUs: - to hold a railway transport licence; - to hold a safety certificate for the routes requested and - to have concluded an infrastructure access contract with CFR;  if it is a non-RU applicant, it shall hold an allocation agreement concluded with CFR SA Conditions for Access to the Railway Infrastructure The freight or passenger transport may be performed by the RUs that hold:  a railway transport licence;  a safety certificate;  an access contract concluded with CFR;  train paths allocated for the transport route. For the traffic on the CFR railway lines at the border – at the first border station on the Romanian territory, the foreign RUs may run on the railway infrastructure in accordance with the law, and the international conventions and agreements to which Romania is a party. In such cases, the access right is granted in accordance with the Intergovernmental Agreement regarding the performance of the railway traffic at state borders concluded between Romania and the neighbouring country. Licences The railway transport licence means an authorisation issued by a licensing authority to an under