Climă/Teme de date INSPIRE (în conformitate cu anexele la Directiva 2007/2/CE ) / RO-Data.xlsx

vision of services and from industry. Drought and forest fires are also two other climate related events that are currently affecting Romania. The phenomenon of drought is included in the category of natural hazards with a major negative impact on the population, socio-economic and environmental activity, depending on the spatio-temporal dimension and production intensity. medium different climate change scenarios; different geographical regions within the country; different key hazards Depending on the type of hazard, the climate related risks such as floods and droughts are more present in certain areas of the country. medium different geographical regions within the country; different key hazards Adapting water systems to climate change is a topic of growing interest around the world, largely because of the implications it may hold for water availability. In Romania, the Jiu, ArgesVedea, Buzau-Ialomita, Siret, Prut-Barlad, and Dogrogea water basins already face supply reliability during the summer months, especially in dry years. Some of the larger cities in these regions include Craiova (Jiu), Pitesti (Arges-Vedea), Buzau (Buzau Ialomita), Bacau (Siret), Iasi (Prut-Barlad), and Constanta (Dobrogea). The Dobrogea system is the most severely affected, with 95% of the water supply for Constanta obtained from ground water. Climate change may also have impacts on the distribution and treatment systems. Drought or extreme heat events can change the temperature of surface waters, leading to algae growth that clogs intake or outflow pipes. Drought can cause shifts in the soil, cracking pipes buried underground. Power supplies may fail during extreme heat events, preventing proper operation of pumping stations or treatment facilities. Flooding can overwhelm wastewater treatment facilities, which typically are in low-lying areas adjacent to waterways where the treated water is ultimately released. Depending on the way the stormwater system is designed in a city – combined with the sewage system or handled separately – heavy rainfall events can also overwhelm the design capacity of a wastewater treatment system. In such instances, raw sewage is typically released to adjacent waterways, undermining the investments made to prevent this from occurring. Both the rural and urban population is facing climate related risks and is vulnerable to certain extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, storms etc. medium different climate change scenarios; different geographical regions within the country; different key hazards Road and rail traffic on bridges are vulnerable to strong winds associated with extreme storm events. The structural integrity of long span bridges may also be jeopardized by strong winds,40 leading to bridge closure and failure in extreme cases. Temperature variations, particularly extreme heat and heat waves, will affect transport construction projects. Extreme heat will create unfavourable working conditions for workers, and inhibits certain types of construction activities. For example, high temperature, low humidity and high wind are factors that reduce the setting times and strength of concrete. Nevertheless, warming temperatures can bring some benefits, particularly in colder areas of the country. Warmer temperatures could translate into a longer construction season and improved cost efficiencies, in addition to reducing winter road salt and chemical use, and their accompanying adverse environmental impacts. L17 Drinking water and water resources water management high different key hazards Floods: Flooding occurs frequently in Romania, and the flood-prone is estimated at about 1.1 million ha. Romania has made significant investments in flood protection infrastructure, which include 9920 km of embankments, 6300 km of river training works, 217 temporary flooding areas, and 1232 reservoirs with active flood control operations. However floods happen almost every year, and the incidence of severe flooding is on the rise. The existing pipeline of infrastructure works proposed for flood management estimated at approx.17 billion €. If mixed impact for different hazards is selected, provide details for the key hazards. Flash Floods: The high-intensity and short-duration floods (flash floods) are also becoming increasingly common in the mountain areas, mainly due to increasing frequency of high-intensity precipitation events, but also exacerbated by land use changes. The National Meteorological Administration, with 160 meteorological stations, 8 radars and 7 regional centers, conducts forecasting for flash floods. The current forecasting and early warning systems are able to provide a reasonable (12-48 hours, depending on the river system) lead time for flood events, but the warning time for small mountainous catchments which are prone to flash floods is about 2 hours, leaving the communities in these areas highly vulnerable to risk. This issue is of growing concern, since the incidence and toll of flash floods is increasing in Romania. It is possible to increase the warning time from the current level of 2 hours to 3-5 hours or more, and will require investments in upgrading the radar network for estimating rainfall intensity (including a new radar station in the Galati area), and for strengthening capacity of regional centers for flash flood forecasting. Drought: Due to increasing temperature and decreasing river flows the frequency of droughts is increasing in Romania. medium different climate change scenarios; different key hazards Depending on the type of hazard, the climate related risks such as floods and droughts are more present in certain areas of the country. The results for Buzau and Ialomita basins (from the CECILIA project, funded by the EU) indicate a likely reduction of mean annual flow in these basins, of 15-20 % for the period 2021-2050, and of 30- 40 % for the period 2070-2100 medium different key hazards An analysis of changes in demands shows that the demand-supply gap will be manageable for the next 15-20 years, but significant measures will be needed to address vulnerability in the time period after that. Water supply for agriculture, industrial and domestic use: a. Water supply will be adversely affected because the warmer and shorter winters will lead to the decrease of the seasonal snow volume and to the early and fast snow melting, leading to shortages in summer months. b. Hotter and drier summers will also cause a qualitative deterioration of the water resources, thereby effectively reducing the supply. c. Supply will also suffer from a lowering of groundwater table in summer months, due to reductions in the surface flow regime. d. Higher summer temperatures will lead to increased evapo-transpiration and therefore higher water demands in agriculture, during the same period when supplies will suffer a shortfall. The domestic water demands and supply will experience the same (but less pronounced) effect. The flora and fauna in the aquatic ecosystems (rivers and lakes) as well as in those dependent on precipitation and river flows (such as wetlands) will suffer from a quantitative reduction in summer water flows, and from increased frequency of floods and droughts. Higher summer temperatures leading to water quality degradation (through decreases in dissolved oxygen, eutrophication and algal blooms) will also adversely affect the environment. Changes in aquifer levels will also adversely affect the water balance in wetlands, which are sustained by groundwater in the low flow season. high different climate change scenarios; different geographical regions within the country; different key hazards The results for Arges and Mures basins (from the CLAVIER project, funded by the EU) indicate a likely reduction of mean annual flow in these basins of 10-15 %, for the period 2021-2050. More frequent winter floods are expected, and while torrential flood events are likely to occur more frequently, the frequency of floods with long duration and large volume is expected to decrease. Incidence of low water levels/discharges is expected to increase by 25% which will cause water shortages, especially for big users. This will also affect users by making water intakes inoperative and hampering navigability of waterways. The summer generation from hydropower plants will be adversely affected in dry years (as they were in 1990), and therefore the operations rules will need to be reviewed and revised to ensure maximum energy production consistent with the objectives of maintaining the reliability of irrigation, industrial, and domestic water supplies. The hydropower facilities will also face increasing threat of intensive floods, and operations will also need to provide sufficient flood cushion in the storage reservoirs. Wastewater treatment will be more frequently impaired by floods, due to storm-water infiltration in sewer systems, and also due to direct inundation of treatment facilities. Legal_Policies L1 LegalPolicyFrameworks ArrangementsCCIV_assessments DescribeInstitutionalArrangements DescribeEIA DescribeCollection DescribeDRR SummarizeLegalRequirements SummarizeNetworks SummarizeGoodPractice L2 The National Climate Change and Low Carbon Green Growth Strategy and it’s Action Plan for the period 2016-2020, Decision 739/2016; Romania's Sustainable Development Strategy, Decision 877/2018; GD no. 754/2022 – National Action Plan implementing the Strategy; The National Flood Risk Management Strategy, Decision 846/2010; The Flood Risk Management Plans, Decision nr. 972/2016; The law on civil protection nr. 481/2004; Emergency Ordinance on the National Emergency Management System nr. 21/2004; The Government Decision on risk type management nr. 557/2015; National Strategy for the Prevention of Emergency Situations, Decision nr. 762/2008; Law on compulsory insurance of housing against earthquakes, landslides and floods, nr. 191/2015; The 2021-2030 Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan; The National Rural Development Program; The National Disaster Risk Management Plan (adopted through Decision of the National Committee for Emergency Situations) The National Strategy to reduce drought effects, prevent and combat land degradation and desertification on short, medium and long term; The National Strategy for Forests 2030, Government Decision no. 1.227/2022. Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests is the overall coordinator of adaptation policies in Romania. NMA (National Meteorological Administration) is responsible for monitoring the meteorological parameters – such as air temperature and pressure, precipitations, humidity, wind speed and direction,. Also, NMA performs weather forecasting, climate outlooks and, projections. using climate model results and develops climate services related to climate hazards for agriculture, water management and tourism. The National Administration "Romanian Waters" manages the waters of the public domain of the state and its infrastructure consisting of accumulation lakes, flood protection dams, canals, interbasinal diversions, water intakes and other specific works, as well as the national hydrological water quality monitoring infrastructure. IGSU provides services related to management and emergency prevention, to keep risks under control and to ensure the safety of the human communities, through a multitude of response activities, such as fire prevention, first aid services , rescue of people and limitation of damage caused by floods, landslides, seismic movements, epidemics, snowfall, or drought. The National Directorate of Forests - Romsilva manages the state-owned forest fund, in order to increase the contribution of forests to improving environmental conditions and ensuring the national economy with wood and other forest products and specific forestry services. The Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests (MEWF) is the national authority on climate change. It coordinates the integration of environmental protection requirements in national law and sectoral policies, including setting up judicial, institutional, administrative or financial instruments in order to stimulate the integration of CC in sectoral policies according to GD no. 38/2015. MEWF also has the responsibility of reporting to international and European institutions on climate change. The institutions that have attributions in the implementation, monitoring, evaluation and revision of the adaptation policies are represented by the Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests and subordinated institutions respectively ANM, ANAR, ROMSILVA, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and subordinated institutions, Ministry of Internal Affairs through the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IGSU). Other institutions that collaborate with the Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests in the field of climate adaptation are the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Tourism, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Ministry of Development, Public Works and Administration, Ministry of Investments and European Projects and the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization. Also, at national level in 2014, the government adopted the Decision no. 1026/2014 for the reorganization of the National Commission on Climate Change. Continuing the good practices in April 2022 it was established the Inter-ministerial Committee on Climate Change by adoption of Government Decision 563/2022. The members of this Body are the ministers of different Ministries of the Romanian Government, and it is led by three vice-presidents, the president being the Prime Minister of the Romanian Government. The Local Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) have 41 offices throughout Romania at the county level. These report to the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) but are also subordinated to MEWF and may report straight to it. They are responsible for the implementation of the environmental policy and legislation. The Romanian Municipalities Association (RMA) is represented in the Committee of the Regions in Brussels, and has a representative office there. RMA also supports and assists municipalities that have signed the Covenant of Mayors in their effort to fulfil their duties. It is an associated member of ICLEI. RMA will often fundraise for implementing projects that help their constituents complete the inventory or prepare the CC action plans. Without RMA’s in fundraising and contracting expertise, many municipalities would have difficulties in submitting their CC action plans. The organizations representing other territorial units have expressed minimal or no interest in CC issues, including the Romanian County Councils Association, Romanian Cities Association and Romanian Commune Association. There is currently little coordination between MEWF, those associations and local authorities. There are a few non-governmental organizations (NGOs) involved in environmental policies, but few that focus on CC. Terra Mileniul III, who is also the founding member of the Federation Climate Action Network Romania that is comprised of 13 Romanian NGOs and is the focal point under UNFCCC article 6. REC Romania also develop CC projects and help improve knowledge of CC challenges and energy efficiency opportunities for local authorities, NGOs and other target groups. Greenpeace Romania also carries out awareness campaigns on climate change. Romania transposed the Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment through Law no. 292/2018 on assessing the impact of certain public and private projects on the environment. The authority responsible for the environmental assessment procedure is the Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests and the subordinate institutions represented by the environmental protection agencies across the country. All institutions that develop plans / projects / programs which could generate significant environmental impacts must submit and go through the environmental assessment procedure. The National Meteorological Administration (NMA) is the main organization which performs systematic observations on atmospheric climate and, to a lesser extent, on parts of sea and terrestrial climate. NMA participates in the international meteorological data exchange with observations from a number of 23 stations in RBSN (Regional Basic Synoptic Network) and 14 stations in RBCN (Regional Basic Climatological Network). NMA freely provides a gridded daily climatic dataset over Romania (ROCADA) for nine meteorological variables (DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-1757-z) The access to the meteorological data from the National Meteorological Fund is made free of charge or for a fee in compliance with the legislation in the field of meteorology and the internal regulations of the National Meteorological Administration. The General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IGSU) collaborates closely with other institutions responsible for risk management. Government Decision no. 557/2016 regarding the management of risk types establishes the assurance, at national level, of the risk type management. As follows, the IGSU is closely working together with central and/or local public administration authorities such as the Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests (through its subordinated institutions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Energy or the Ministry of Development, Public Works and Administration. The national adaptation policies and measures are in line with national, EU and international environmental and climate objectives. The climate change policies and strategies are being consolidated under the umbrella of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, and